Origin of Phone and its work system

Origin of Phone and its work system


The phone is a communication tool used to deliver voice messages (especially messages in the form of conversations).

Most phones operate using the transmission of electrical signals in the telephone network to enable phone users to communicate with other users.

Phone Basic Principles

When the receiver is lifted, a position called the phone off the hook.
Then the circuit is divided into two paths where the positive part will serve as a tip that shows zero while in the negative will serve as the figures show Ring-48V DC.
Both of these pathways which will process the message from the sender to get to the receiver.
In order to produce sound on the phone, electrik signals transmitted over telephone lines which is then converted into signals that can be heard by the telephone receiver.
For analog technology, analog signal transmission is sent from the central office (CO) will be converted to digital transmission.
The figures as the phone number is a merger between the notes and certain frequencies are then called Dual-tone multi-frequency DTMF and has units of Hertz.
Primary relationships that exist in the circuit will be on the hook when it opened, and will appear vibration. The sound that appears on the recipient's phone indicating the phone is ready for use.

Early development

1871, Meucci Natonio patented his invention called the Sound Telegraph.
Discovery to allow for communication in the form of sound between two people using the intermediary cable.
1875, The Bell telecommunications companies obtain patents for inventing Meucci called Transmitters and Receivers for Electric Telegraphs.
The system uses multiple vibration of steel to give pause to the circuit.
1876, the Bell company's patented Improvement in Telegraphy.
This system provides a method for transmitting voice telegraph.
1877, The Charles Williams Shop is the place where the telephone was first made with the supervision of Watson, who then became the department's research and development of the telecommunications company.
Alexander Graham Bell continues to monitor the productivity of the company so that by the end of the year as many as three hundred phone can be used.
Bell company also has patented electro-magnetic telephone using permanent magnets, iron diaphragms, and the ringing call.
1878, the board found a replacement manually allowing many telephone exchanges are connected via a channel.
under the leadership of Theodore N. Vail, the Bell company has 10,000 phone that can be used.
1880, the first metallic circuits installed. This circuit is perbaharuan of one-wire circuit into a two-wire.
Perbaharuan This helps reduce the interference that is often felt with the use of one-wire line.
1891, dial the phone number is first used.
The phone will work automatically connects callers to an operator by pressing the dial on the basis of instructions.
1915, a phone with a wireless system was first used.
This system allows phone users to interact across borders.


Early phone as a commercial tool
1940, the mobile phone was first used commercially.
This innovation was previously used as a tool of war to aim the shot and improve the quality of the radar.
After the war, hundreds of calls placed using this system.
Microwave radio installed for long-distance relationship.
1959, the Princess phone was first introduced
1963, telephone with voice button launched
1971, an independent telecommunications company allowed to mengemangkan communication systems developed for business.
Millions of people have used the phone line.
1983, Judge Harold Greene successfully outperformed the Bell companies that have previously been deprived of its monopoly.
1899, AT & T or The American Telephone and Telegraph Company has mandapatkan assets and obtain patents from the American company Bell.
AT & T was founded in 1885 as owner of the overall subsidy of American Bell in charge of establishing and operating the long distance telephone network.
1913, amplifirers Elektric first practiced by AT & T.
This system allows for inter-continental telephone line.
1927, AT & T started the project of cross-Atlantic telephone service in London using two radio channels. Yet the project is still far from ideal because many in the radio interference occurs, has a small capacity, and cost of an expensive phone.
Then the project moved into a cross-Pacific in 1964.
1969, telephone users in the United States has reached 90%. AT & T into the laboratory system is the best phone in the world.
1990, growth in the computer which was followed by the emergence of the internet makes sending messages shifting patterns of conversation into data delivery.

Digital Phone

Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) based on the direct relationship between the sender to the receiver must use copper cable, fiber optic, satellite, fixed wireless, and mobile wireless circuit. The use of such networks involves the basic components of the telephone, network access, central office (CO), trunks and special circuits, and customer premise equipment (CPE). Development of the PSTN as a digital phone system has increased the capacity of their networks and kalitas making it possible to use multiple communication channels in a medium of exchange.


IP Phone

Phone IP (Internet Protocol) is a new technology that uses telephone internet protocol in operation. IP phones can be used to move the relationship to change the sound, send a fax, video packages, and other forms of information delivery that has been used in previous telephone system. IP phones using an Internet connection to transmit data. During its development, the IP phone service will work with local telephone companies, long-distance providers like AT & T, cabel TV companies, Internet Service Providers (ISPs), and wireless service operators. IP Phone is an important part of the merger between computers, telephones, and televisions in a single communication environment. VoIP (Voice over IP) is an organization to standardize the IP phone. VoIP is used as the basis for a unified message (UM) and unified communications (UC). Without VoIP, integration of various server programs will be difficult. Existing network at the IP is not the type who is ready to face the traffic LAN VoIP system should be divided between VLANs with voicemail and data.



New generation networks
Next-generation networks (NGN) to change the approach of "one network, one service" into the delivery of different services over a single network. System based on internet protocol (IP), NGN is built on the development of broadband networks, Voice over IP (VoIP), fixed-mobile convergence and IP television (IPTV). This new generation network using a number of technologies such as wireless and mobile, fiber and cable, or the renewal of the existing copper lines. Countries that have adopted this technology is developed countries. Developing countries can adopt this NGN technologies using wireless broadband access, making the development of information and communication technology (ICT) can eliminate the barriers to innovate and invest. In the development of NGN technology, there are two technologies that play a role in the network based on optical transmission, namely SDH and DWDM. The ability to send bandwidth to achieve the STM-64 SDH (10 Gbps), while in DWDM is nx nx 2.5 Gbps or 10 Gbps (n is the number of wavelengths). The risk of the magnitude of the capacity of these two technologies is a considerable loss of information when a failure occurs in the transmission network. Protection systems commonly used in the NGN is a protection device, link protection, protection based on the topology, and optical channel protection (DWDM). In the system of protection devices, the signal from the canal path protection will be removed and transferred to a working channel if the signal received from the sending end of the line is working correctly. In link protection system, the physical link used to be the subject of protection of processing. However, the protection is used in the NGN relies heavily on the needs of the network itself. The overall type of protection is no protection that meets all the needs of NGN.